Psychological and Biological Analysis of Patient Suffering From Mental Disorders

TASK 1

P1. Biological And Psychological Explanation For Mental Illness

A biological disorder related to mental illness is known as neurobiological disability, which is a case due to genetics and biological transfer. It comprises disorders like obsessive-compulsive condition, schizophrenia, bipolar state, etc. Psychological mental illness can be caused by various reasons such as environment, society, genetic, biological factors, etc. (Keyes, Dhingra, and Simoes, 2010). It comprises diseases like anxiety, panic, depression, Schizophrenia, and substance abuse. The difference in biological and psychological explanation is described in the table below:

M1. Comparison Between Biological And Psychological Explanation For Mental Illness

Biological and psychological mental conditions are related and have similar consequences to the health and mental condition of the person. However, the causes of the disorder are completely different where biological illness is in the genre of a person and cannot be prevented but can be treated, whereas the psychological neurological disorder can be controlled by protecting the surroundings around the person (Howard, Barley, and Thornicroft, 2010). In both conditions, the patient is unable to relate, feel, and act in different situations like every other normal person. Nevertheless, it can be said that the major sources of mental disability are family relationships, environmental triggers, substance abuse, societal exclusion, and restrictions.

On the other hand, it can be said that a person suffering from biological depression and Schizophrenia suffers from loss of interest, enjoyment, lack of energy, ideas of guilt, unworthiness, etc. whereas a patient going from psychological mental disability goes through a lack of confidence, self-esteem, isolation, panic, reduced concentration, attention, etc. By the condition of both types of patients, it can be outlined that service users face problems with concentrating, performing, information processing, and tiredness (Mental Illness Basics, 2018).

As per biological theories, it can be said that Schizophrenia is related to genes where the coordination of cells plays an important role. However, coordination between cells of the human body needs to be 50-50 percent to derive stability. If the coordination is between 46 and 50 percent, then the situation reflects cases of depression and schizophrenia due to biological transfer. Nevertheless, psychological disorder is caused by the dynamic functioning of brain cells due to uncertain conditions and environmental stressors around the person. Thus, the major similarities between both illnesses are neurochemical imbalances and cognitive processes.

TASK 2

P2 Methods To Diagnose Mental Illness In The UK

M2 DSM-IV-TR And Its Uses For Diagnosing Mental Illness

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- Fourth Edition (Text Revision), which is launched by the American Psychiatric Association. It is used in NHS to derive clear descriptions of diagnostic categories based on validity and reliability for different service users. It assists the physicians in deriving the best clinical and medication setting to frame individual treatment plans according to mental disability of different service users. However, in the case of depression and Schizophrenia disorders, the method offers different diagnostic criteria to professionals that are based on the depressed mood of the person in a day, lacking interest in day-to-day activities, unintentional weight loss, and gains, sleeping disorder that is insomnia, fatigue, the feeling of guilt, and worthlessness.

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For instance, if a boy suffering from depression visits Trust, which has been diagnosed on five different domains in multiaxial diagnosis. The five for the boy in NHS will be followed, which are described below:

• Clinical disorders: Axis I: It comprises disability such as major depression, trauma, environmental triggers, etc. In this situation, the service users suffer from a lack of growth of mind, reading and learning disabilities, and arithmetic disorders. This illness is experienced by a person in episodes that are in specific intervals of time.
• Mental retardation or personality disorders: Axis II: It comprises psychiatric disorders that are generally diagnosed in person after the age of 18. It is the situation of disability in intellectual functioning with lacking adaptive behavior (Do we need a diagnostic manual for mental illness? 2013).
• Physical and mental conditions: Axis III: It is the situation where the professional will focus on analyzing the side effects of medication on an individual's health. It is a situation where the person behaves vulnerable and impulsively in a routine. This reflects the side effects of medication, which hamper the stability of the mind.
• Psychosocial factors or environmental triggers: Axis IV—In this, the professional will focus on analyzing the experience and sounds of the boy. Developing an understanding of environmental stressors will assist the professional in deriving medication and effective diagnostic steps for treatment plans. However, it is related to a person's life situation.
• Global Assessment of Functioning: Axis With the help of this assessment, the psychologist in the trust will focus on evaluating the individual's ability to function in different conditions. Thus, with the help of this diagnosis, the physicians will be able to make an adaptive daily living environment for the boy who has been diagnosed with depression (Howard, Barley, and Thornicroft, 2010).

Thus, from the example and discussion over the diagnosis method, it has been outlined that NHS trust is focused on promoting valid and reliable identity. Moreover, the diagnosis of mental illness does not differentiate between individual cultural backgrounds and ethnicity.

TASK 3

D1 Effectiveness Of Systems in Diagnosing Mental Disorder

As a lead psychologist for health care trust, the individuals need to deal with assigned cases to manage the successful and stable functioning of the diagnostic process. It is the crucial aspect of trust because it relates to the service user's medication and treatment plans. The case of a young black male who has been diagnosed with Schizophrenia. In accordance, it has been analyzed that the family of patients has claimed care organization for wrong diagnosis where the leading psychologist is assigned the duty to collect evidence for proving right and wrong of the situation with the motive of deriving effectiveness of methods of diagnosing mental disorders (Do we need a diagnostic manual for mental illness? 2013). However, to prove the effectiveness of the methods, the individuals will focus on collecting documentation of the medical record of Winston Jarvis. Medical documentation is the diagnostic proof that is recorded by physicians to maintain the ethics of informed consent. Further, the person will focus on analyzing recovery details and the patient. Showing details of recovery and comparison of past and present conditions is another strategy that can help in providing a diagnosis.

Further, standardization of billing and coding in care trust organizations with the help of DSM helps the organization maintain proper records for therapies and medical treatment of the patient. The record will be the most prominent asset of psychologists for proving the effectiveness of diagnosis according to the patient (Rasic, Hajek, and Uher, 2013). However, the diagnostic process of the organization cannot be proved wrong because the clinical test and physical examination of patient health are done with prior concern.

In addition, the use of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual avoids the chances of guesswork and helps in maintaining a proper guide to diagnostic criteria, which reduces the barrier between medication and treatment plans. However, it is another piece of evidence that will help the psychologist in proving the claim wrong against the trust. Further, the lab test details, which comprise brain scans and blood test reports, are another piece of evidence that will help the care organization in providing claims. The test is a record of a physical examination that demonstrates the internal functioning of the human body. The lab test record is the clinical examination where the brain functioning and process of Winsten are checked to develop clear understaffing over his actual condition (Henriksson et al., 2013). Apart from this, in DSM, Clinical Disorders of Axis I will help keep a record of the situation which was experienced by the male, which dragged him to mental illness. The details of clinical disorders involve The situation of disabilities that were faced by Winston Jarvis when he was presented in the hospital.

Axis II of the DSM comprised mental retardation and personality disorders, which were experienced by Winston when he was presented in the hospital for a check-up. These details and documentation will be evidence to a psychologist, as they involve knowledge of Jarvis's cognitive ability and personality functioning in different and uncertain situations. In addition, a record of the physical and mental conditions of Jarvis, when he was presented in the hospital with a mental illness, holds a detailed analysis of his medication situation, which is a clear diagnosis statement that proves the effectiveness of the diagnostic system of the NHS trust care organization.

On the other hand, the classification and categories of different diagnostic methods for the diagnosis of mental illness are proof that the firm does not offer the wrong medication for any disorder (Rasic, Hajek, and Uher, 2013). It reflects the complexity of the diagnosis process under observations where the signs, feelings, reactions, and symptoms of a person are recorded on prescription to frame appropriate medication about the medical condition of patients. Thus, this record of data and DSM diagnosis is a complete and accurate report of Winsten Jarvin, which will be the evidence of the NHS Care Trust organization for proving the claim wrong.

Thus, from the discussion, it can be outlined that maintaining detailed records of diagnostic reports and medication of patients plays an important role in managing the effectiveness of healthcare operations and functioning about awful claims.

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CONCLUSION

The report summarized the diagnosis of mental illness, which is a complex medical condition for which professionals and psychologists need to focus on effective diagnostic methods and observation of patient's signs and symptoms. It specifically discussed two mental disorders, depression and schizophrenia. It outlined the comparison of biological and psychological mental illness, where biological is related to genital transfer and psychological disorder occurs due to environmental triggers. Further, the report discussed methods to diagnose mental illness and uses of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—fourth edition—in diagnosing the actual mental condition of patients. Thus, the report concluded by determining diagnostic tools and medical examinations, which assist psychologists in providing the claim of patient wrong.

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REFERENCES

• Angell, M., 2011. The epidemic of mental illness: why. The New York Review of Books, 58(11), pp. 20-22.
• Borus, J.F., Howes, M.J., and Livingston, W.W., 2017. Primary health care providers' recognition and diagnosis of mental disorders in their patients. General Hospital Psychiatry. 10(5). pp. 317-321.
• Henriksson, M.M., and et al., 2013. Mental disorders and comorbidity in suicide. American journal of psychiatry. 150. pp. 935-935.
• Howard, L.M., Barley, E.A., and Thornicroft, G., 2010. Cancer diagnosis in people with severe mental illness: practical and ethical issues. The Lancet oncology. 11(8). pp. 797-804.
• Hyman, S.E., 2010. The diagnosis of mental disorders: the problem of reification. Annual review of clinical psychology. 6 pp. 155-179.
• Keyes, C.L., Dhingra, S.S., and Simoes, E.J., 2010. Change in level of positive mental health as a predictor of future risk of mental illness. American Journal of Public Health. 100(12). pp. 2366-2371.
• Rasic, D., Hajek, T., and Uher, R., 2013. Risk of mental illness in offspring of parents with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of family high-risk studies. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 40(1). pp. 28-38.
• Regier, D.A., Farmer, M.E., and Goodwin, F.K., 2010. Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse. Jama.264(19). pp.2511-2518.

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